Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective way to strengthen the long-context reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but it needs training data that are long, diverse, challenging, and…
A benchmark is not merely a collection of test questions; it naturally induces an empirical measure over difficulty. In this work, we develop this measure-based view of benchmark evaluation.
Diffusion-based video generation models (VGMs) can produce visually plausible videos, yet their camera ego-motion often drifts over long horizons. Camera ego-motion determines how the viewpoint…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promising reasoning capabilities, but reliable physical interaction requires planning that accounts for when actions are executable and how they change…
Using an LLM to generate training data for another is among the most general ways to train one, and it remains common practice. Some frontier teams have closed that route for their own models: what…
Fine-grained multimodal intelligence requires models to both understand a designated region and localize it from language. Existing methods learn these directions with separate objectives and…
Codes of professional ethics guide and restrict specialists, who increasingly work with assistants built on large language models. Such an assistant can breach the user's code, or help the user…
Spatial reasoning requires more than access to geometric tools: a reasoner must decide when direct observation is sufficient and when to reconstruct, measure, or change reference frames. We present…
Frontier black-box Large Language Model (LLM) agents are proficient at long-horizon reasoning and precise action generation. However, when it comes to a specific agentic task, they have no…
Text-to-image (T2I) platforms typically return several images per prompt so users can explore different visual interpretations and choose one that matches their intent. However, T2I models are…
Human motion retargeting bridges the embodiment gap between humans and humanoid robots by converting human demonstrations into reference trajectories for whole-body control and loco-manipulation. For…
Frontier language models now score above 90% on popular knowledge benchmarks and are increasingly deployed as agents that carry out multi-hour professional work. Yet no existing benchmark tests…
Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), the standard for building information exchange in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC), is increasingly queried through large language models (LLMs)…
Predicting surrounding vehicles' lane-change intentions enables autonomous vehicles to anticipate potential hazards and respond proactively rather than relying solely on reactive maneuvers. This…
Lyapunov functions and barrier certificates give state-space guarantees of stability and safety, but synthesizing and verifying them---especially for nonlinear, high-dimensional systems---remains an…
Real-world data often exhibits cluster structure at multiple resolutions, yet existing methods typically learn a single partition or construct an explicit hierarchy. Inspired by Matryoshka…
In large language model (LLM) steganography, an encoder hides a private message in an otherwise ordinary response, as text transmitted to a decoder, who attempts to recover it. The success of this…
Large language models (LLMs) are widely used to answer factual questions, but their answers can contain errors and must be fact-checked claim by claim. Yet the resulting score depends on three design…
AI agents now run experiments and report findings, so research produces claims faster than researchers can check them. Each empirical claim implies a property that must hold over its cases, but it…
Which pretraining objective yields the best representation for downstream tasks under an information budget? We formalize this problem as a multitask information bottleneck, using a mutual…
LLM agents are often evaluated by reducing execution traces to labels such as final-answer correctness, tool verification, and fault propagation. These labels are measurements produced by parsers,…
World models help agents assess the consequences of their actions before acting. Many real systems, however, involve multiple actors who make their own decisions, can evolve even when the agent takes…
Traffic management has traditionally focused on toll-based and road pricing solutions. However, road pricing often raises concerns about accessibility and public dissatisfaction, leading to its…